This study allows for the understanding of the bacterial interactions that could happen in shrimp farms.
In addition, we found a relationship between the copy numbers of the virulent plasmid and the bacterial density. The consistent depletion of reads assigned to the Neptuniibacter complex suggests that the type VI secretion system 1 (T6SS1) of Vp strains might have a dual function, kill surrounding bacteria and damage the hepatopancreas during intoxication by AHPND. after the inoculation of both strains, particularly with M0904. A significant marked reduction was observed in the reads assigned to Neptuniibacter spp. There were variations in the water microbiota community structure between strains of Vp, depending on the degree of virulence and time along the experiment. Juvenile Penaeus vannamei were inoculated with a moderate virulent strain, M0607, and a highly virulent strain, M0904, and water samples collected from the bottom of the experimental units were analysed using shotgun metagenomics. Considering these findings, the PirABvp toxin could exhibit a dual role of damaging the shrimp Hp while killing the surrounding bacteria.Īcute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging shrimp disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) specific strains hosting the plasmid-related pirABvp toxin gene, but the changes on the water microbiome of have not been studied. There is also evidence that Vp AHPND changes the community structure of the microbiota in the surrounding water, resulting in a significant reduction of several bacterial taxa, especially Neptuniibacter spp. The search for toxin receptors can lead to a better understanding of the infection mechanisms of the pathogen and the prevention of the host disease by blocking toxin–receptor interactions using a mimetic antagonist. New insights into the biological role of the PirBVp subunit show that it has lectin-like activity and recognizes mucin-like O-glycosidic structures in the shrimp Hp. The cytotoxic effect of PirABVp on the epithelial cells of the shrimp hepatopancreas (Hp) has been extensively documented. PirAB toxins secreted by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) harbor the pVA1 virulence plasmid, which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), an emerging disease in Penaeid shrimp that can cause 70–100% mortality and that has resulted in great economic losses since its first appearance.
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